China

Mexico is the second-largest economy in Latin America. It has a deep-rooted relationship with the United States through the T-MEC, now affected by the U.S. announcement of unilateral tariffs. It benefits from preferential access to the U.S. market, which has allowed it to export manufactured goods, automobiles, and agricultural products at the cost of importing all the inputs from China to export these products to the North. In the context of the trade war between Washington and the Red Dragon, the tariffs against Mexico prevent Chinese brand products manufactured in the country from entering its market without tariffs. The Aztec country has sought to diversify its relations by exploring trade agreements with other countries and strengthening Asian investment in strategic sectors for domestic purposes. Given the growing importance of the Asian giant in the country, Washington has pressured its southern neighbour to take measures against China, both in terms of tariffs and investment restrictions, considering them a possible risk to U.S. national security. Such policies limit Mexican growth and productive diversification. This article analyses the presence of the Asian giant in trade and investments in the Aztec country and the limits to this relationship due to its alignment with its northern neighbour.

Durante dos décadas, China ha estado transformando su arquitectura financiera nacional en una nueva arquitectura financiera internacional, que abre la puerta a un nuevo orden mundial. La emisión china de bonos soberanos en 2024 en Dubai es un acontecimiento significativo. Desafía la narrativa de que China quiere desdolarizar el mundo. En su lugar, introduce un nuevo orden en el que el dólar desempeña un papel diferente. El hecho de que Estados Unidos haya ocupado la primera posición monetaria le ha permitido financiar sus enormes déficits a pesar de sus malos datos macroeconómicos, ya que las reservas internacionales del mundo están depositadas en bonos del Tesoro estadounidense (T-bonds). Ahora esto ha cambiado.